Oil prices under forty dollars per barrel? It can't be true.



Yes it is true, oil prices are back to where they were more than four years ago. Time for a few thoughts on these past years and what led to apparently dissonant energy prices.

Why are gasoline prices so low? And why do they continue to drop? The recent drop in oil prices has truly been extra-ordinary. Gasoline prices are down almost as spectacularly, and the price of diesel is down is well. If we look at the graph, it doesn't look at all like anything we have seen before. What is happening, and where is this headed?

Figure 1 - EIA Graph of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) Crude Oil Prices, through 12/2/2008

I am becoming more and more convinced that the drop in gasoline prices has a huge amount to do with all of our credit problems (which in turn are related to limits on the oil supply). These credit problems are causing more and more defaults on debt and more and more bankruptcies. These defaults and bankruptcies have a double impact on oil prices--partly from reduced demand, and partly from distressed sellers disposing of futures contracts at low prices, because they are easy assets to sell.

We often hear that "soon" oil prices will hit a bottom, and start shooting back up again. I am less and less certain that this will be the case. Instead, I am concerned that we may on a relentless path to a point far below the point where energy companies can expect to have any chance of making money. We may be on a path toward more and more bankruptcies and defaults of all types--energy companies, owners of commercial real estate, homeowners, financial institutions, auto makers, airlines, and many more. If this is the case, there will be a huge strain on governments, and some may find it necessary to default on their debt.

In order to ultimately get past this crisis, it may be necessary for governments to establish new currencies in which debt is severely limited, and at the same time unwind the debt in the existing currency. I expect that a huge amount of derivatives of all types will need to disappear as well, so that financial assets start bearing a close relationship to physical resources.

Jeff Rubin, Chief Economist at CIBC World Markets, in a recent report, is now saying that the current recession is caused by high oil prices. Defaulting mortgages are only a symptom of the high oil prices. We should be blaming the underlying cause--higher oil prices--rather than the symptom. These higher oil prices caused Japan and the Eurozone to enter into a recession even before the most recent financial problems hit. Higher oil prices started four of the last five world recessions; we shouldn't be too surprised if they started this one also.

Figure 1 - Shows that four out of the past five recessions have followed spikes in oil prices

A few days ago, I wrote a post titled Why Are Oil (and Gasoline) Prices So Low? Since then, OPEC has voted to cut oil production 1.5 million barrels a day. In spite of this, the price of oil is about 5% lower. The purpose of this post is to add an update, with a little more of the story about why the price of oil is dropping more than some of us would expect.

One of the issues I mentioned in that story was

4. Rising value of the dollar

I noted in that post that the price of oil seems to drop as the price of the dollar rises against currencies such as the Euro. As I delve into the question more, I am starting to learn more about why the value of the dollar has recently been rising. It seems that the rising value of the dollar is tied to a combination of things--one is the flight to the US dollar for safety, another is the unwind of the carry trade, and a third is margin calls on hedge funds and other borrowers. The rising level of the dollar because of these issues seems to be a major contributor to the recent decline in oil prices.