Stories tagged with "urr"

IEA WEO 2008 - Fossil Fuel Ultimates and CO2 Emissions Scenarios

Report authors: Luís de Sousa and Euan Mearns

Part 3 of IEA WEO 2008 analyzes the expected impact of fossil fuel combustion upon climate change.

Page 382: As emissions of greenhouse gases build up in the atmosphere faster than natural processes can remove them, their concentrations rise. The Reference Scenario puts us on a path to doubling the aggregate concentration in CO2 equivalent terms by the end of this century, entailing an eventual global average temperature increase up to 6 ºC.

Rather surprisingly, IEA WEO 2008 does not provide any data on fossil fuel reserves and production forecasts to 2100 to back up this claim. Instead, it chooses to rely upon fossil fuel reserve figures underlying the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) models. Furthermore, using MAGICC (climate temperature model), and the default climate sensitivity constants, we are unable to reproduce the outcome of as much as a 6 ºC increase.





Using a CO2 emissions scenario based on our 2008 Olduvai Assessment combined with MAGICC, we estimate that global average temperatures may peak at around 1.6ºC above 1990 values toward the end of this century. Other climate models may produce temperature outcomes higher or lower than this.

Dr Richard Pike: on proved reserves, peak oil and carbon dioxide

Below the fold we have a video of Dr Richard Pike, CEO The Royal Society of Chemistry, discussing his belief that there is twice as much oil in the ground as major oil producers would have us believe.

Thanks to online debating channel www.friction.tv for providing the video.

Empirical Relationships Between Reserves and Production Rates

A very short post before the weekend. I always wondered if there was a quick way to derive the expected production rates per day from the total recoverable oil volume (URR). That can be handy, when a new oilfield discovery has been announced for instance. More below the fold.

A few more thoughts on Saudi and HL

There has been some discussion about how to apply the Hubbert Linearization (HL) to Saudi historical production in recent weeks at TOD. Trying not to fall into redundancy, let me have some loose thoughts on these models:





Three alternative Logistic models for Saudi production. Click for large version.

Modeling Oil Production to Estimate URR - Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and World

This is a guest post by Apparent Peak. He started his career as an aeronautical engineer and is currently retired. Now he has more time to study peak oil and write posts for TOD. He has selected "Apparent Peak" for his handle which will become obvious once you have read the post.

1) Background

I have followed the subject of peak oil since the seminal article by Campbell and Laherrère appeared in the March 1998 edition of Scientific American. Approximately one year ago, I began to casually follow some of the discussion threads at TOD. The posts, the ensuing discussions and in particular, discussions on HL, logistic functions and Khebab's The Loglet Analysis caught my interest. I decided to investigate these topics since I did not know what HL was, let alone logistic functions. A quick trip to Wikipedia explained the Logistic function. As it turns out, it is a fancy exponential function that has characteristics similar to the Gaussian distribution.

Having read Khebab’s paper a few more times I realized that I did not have the patience to understand “successive Fischer-Pry decompositions”. However, one sentence in his paper was very insightful: “The Loglet decomposition is an elegant mathematical framework which consists in fitting a sum of logistic curves”. The idea of fitting a sum of logistic functions to model oil production made the process sound much simpler than successive Fischer-Pry decompositions.

More recently there has been much discussion regarding estimating a country’s URR using HL, Hubbert’s linearization, and especially the URR of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and its potential oil production decline due to the depletion of the Ghawar oilfield (Ghawar reserves update and revisions by Euan Mearns and Depletion Levels in Ghawar by Stuart Staniford). To get a better understanding of the logistic function and its role in peak oil analysis, I decided to combine the concept of least squares with fitting the sum of multiple logistic functions to the oil production history of KSA as suggested by Khebab.

The least squares approach would provide a best fit to the country’s oil production and would address my curiosity to assess the quality of the results this method of analysis would produce. One of my objectives was to find another methodology that would complement HL and at the same time provide further insight into those situations that are difficult for HL.

A Debate on the Substance and Timing of the Peak of Oil Production and Consumption, Part I

This is a guest post by westexas.

Resolved: World Net Oil Export Capacity is Now Declining Because of Involuntary Reductions in Production and/or Because of Increases in Domestic Consumption in Major Oil Exporting Countries

Robert Rapier suggested that we debate this topic, and I agreed. In reality, there are only shades of gray difference between us regarding the timing of Peak Oil and Peak Exports. I believe that the crisis has hit, while Robert believes that the worst won't be upon us until some time shortly after 2010. Robert will file his rejoinder about a week from today.

A Simpler Way to Calculate Global Oil Reserves?

[editor's note, by Prof. Goose] This is a guest post by Roland Watson, who publishes an investment newsletter based on Peak Oil and other events that will impact the global economy.

As I recently re-read some articles on the debate about global oil reserves, a thought struck about how one could arrive at a rough estimate for such a number.

The search for that magic number of total oil in place and hence an estimate of how much can be realistically recovered has been a bone of contention across the Peak Oil divide. In fact, the absence or unreliability of data provides a sufficient haze for one group to point in one direction whilst another points in a completely opposite path. Hence we will find that estimates varying from 2 trillion barrels of URR up to 3 trillion barrels are the typical of the debate. Now a difference of one trillion barrels is important. At a current global consumption rate of 85 mbpd (original was 30 bbpd, that isn't right...PG) we get another 33 years of time to get things sorted out in terms of alternate energy sources and so on (though increasing demand would pull that number back to 20-25 years).

So I was considering the oil life of the United States of America...

A Different Way to Perform the Hubbert Linearization

A quick post about a different manipulation of the logistic differential equation. By using the first derivative, we get a new way to perform the Hubbert linearization. Some results are given on Norway and the US oil production.

[Updated by Khebab on 08/18/2006 at 02:36 PM EDT] After some thinking, I came up with a simple way to combine the two linearizations (see text below).

Norway and the Parabolic Fractal Law

Norway can be considered as the poster child of the Hubbert curve modeling approach with a production profile that is remarkably close to the logistic curve. Last time, we attempted to apply the Parabolic Fractal Law (noted PFL) to Saudi Arabia. Despite using very partial data, the PFL seemed to point toward an Ulimate Recoverable Ressource (URR) around 250 Gb when the PFL curvature is set to the value -0.07 established by Jean Laherrère for the entire world. In the present post, we propose to apply the same approach on Norway's oil field size distribution. The results seem to confirm that the PFL with a curvature value around -0.07 could be a good predictor of the URR.

An Attempt to Apply The Parabolic Fractal Law to Saudi Arabia

[editor's note, by Prof. Goose] Hey folks, see these buttons to the left? Note that they include reddit and digg. If you recommend TOD articles at these sites (account required, but they take seconds to set up, and once setup and logged in, all you have to do is click!), we can get more traffic driven over here! Do it for every article you think is worthy.

Many natural object geometry are well described by a fractal (e.g. a coastline). In particular, fractal self-similarity is a powerful concept that has been investigated by Benoît Mandelbrot. However, in practice the self similarity law is not always perfectly respected. To remedy to this, Jean Laherrère has proposed the Parabolic Fractal Law (PFL) which adds a parabolic deviation to the pure self-similar law, I quote: A complete or near complete distribution of the larger objects, which in practice are usually readily identified and quantified, can be used to define the parabola following a rule of self-similarity, and hence describe the full distribution down to the smallest object. The distribution can in turn be used to determine the total population of the objects. I believe that the PFL could be a complementary tool to analyze production data under a different angle especially when the Hubbert Linearization technique does not produce a clear result. For instance, when applied to the United Kingdom production data, the resulting Ultimate Recoverable Ressource (URR) is very close to the value estimated by the Hubbert Linearization technique. I intend here to apply this technique to Saudi Arabia oil fields. Despite using coarse oilfield size estimates, the PFL seems to point toward an URR close to the ASPO estimate at 270 Gb.